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Stable population structure in Europe since the Iron Age, despite high mobility

Methodologically Supported Linked to Data Early Sharing / Preprint ↗
Author(s): Margaret L. Antonio, Clemens L. Weiß, Ziyue Gao, Susanna Sawyer, Victoria Oberreiter, Hannah M. Moots, Jeffrey P. Spence, Olivia Cheronet, Brina Zagorc, Elisa Praxmarer, Kadir Toykan Özdoğan, Lea Demetz, Pere Gelabert, Daniel Fernandes, Michaela Lucci, Timka Alihodžić, Selma Amrani, Pavel Avetisyan, Christèle Baillif-Ducros, Željka Bedić, Audrey Bertrand, Maja Bilić, Luca Bondioli, Paulina Borówka, Emmanuel Botte, Josip Burmaz, Domagoj Bužanić, Francesca Candilio, Mirna Cvetko, Daniela De Angelis, Ivan Drnić, Kristián Elschek, Mounir Fantar, Andrej Gaspari, Gabriella Gasperetti, Francesco Genchi, Snežana Golubović, Zuzana Hukeľová, Rimantas Jankauskas, Kristina Jelinčić Vučković, Gordana Jeremić, Iva Kaić, Kevin Kazek, Hamazasp Khachatryan, Anahit Yu. Khudaverdyan, Sylvia Kirchengast, Miomir Korać, Valérie Kozlowski, Maria Krošláková, Dora Kušan Špalj, Francesco La Pastina, Marie Laguardia, Sandra Legrand, Tino Leleković, Tamara Leskovar, Wiesław Lorkiewicz, Dženi Los, Ana María Silva, René Masaryk, Vinka Matijević, Yahia Mehdi Seddik Cherifi, Nicolás Meyer, Ilija Mikić, Nataša Miladinović-Radmilović, Branka Milošević Zakić, Lina Nacouzi, Magdalena Natuniewicz-Sekuła, Alessia Nava, Christine Neugebauer-Maresch, Jan Nováček, Anna J. Osterholtz, Julianne Paige, Lujana Paraman, Dominique Piéri, Karol Pieta, Stefan Pop-Lazić, Matej Ruttkay, Mirjana Sanader, Arkadiusz Sołtysiak, Alessandra Sperduti, Tijana Stankovic Pesterac, Maria Teschler‐Nicola, Iwona Teul, Domagoj Tončinić, Julien Trapp, Dragana Vulović, Tomasz Waliszewski, Diethard Walter, Miloš Živanović, Mohamed el Mostefa Filah, Morana Čaušević-Bully, Mario Šlaus, Dušan Borić, Mario Novak, Alfredo Coppa, Ron Pinhasi, Jonathan K. Pritchard
Publisher: eLife
Publication year: 2023

The Story So Far

Short impact summary

The research article, “Stable population structure in Europe since the Iron Age, despite high mobility,” has garnered significant academic attention, as demonstrated by its 85 citations across various esteemed journals, including Nature Communications and Genome Biology. This work not only showcases substantial scholarly influence but has also initiated discussions within the community, evident by its inclusion in three Wikipedia entries.

Full narrative

The article has established itself as a significant contribution to the field, with noteworthy backing from key institutions such as the University of Chicago and Aix-Marseille Université. Its substantial funding from organizations including the National Institutes of Health and the Austrian Science Fund highlights a strong institutional investment in the research area. This level of support reinforces the credibility and relevance of the study.

Early sharing of the article in preprint form allowed for immediate engagement within the academic community, reflected in 18 preprint citations and 200 events surrounding the preprint. Such metrics indicate the impact of open science practices, leading to a broader discussion about population structures in Europe amidst historical mobility patterns.

The research has prompted further inquiry, as evidenced by its proven downstream reuse, with 86 instances where the data and materials have been employed in subsequent studies. This demonstrates a strong commitment to scientific stewardship and resource accessibility within the discipline. Furthermore, the open peer reviews associated with the work enhance transparency and accountability, solidifying its place in the ongoing scientific discourse.

Overall, the discussion around this research is not limited to academia; it has also found a footing in public domains, as indicated by its three mentions on Wikipedia. This cross-pollination of academic insights into public knowledge encapsulates the study's broader societal relevance and demonstrates the transformative potential of scholarly communication in enhancing public understanding of complex historical patterns.

Impact metrics

Inferred roles

Heuristic classification from citation composition / usage signals. Not based on full text.

Active public discourse (0.95) High-visibility uptake (0.85) Scholarly uptake (0.73) Sustainability & policy relevance (0.55) Rapid uptake (0.52)

Access OpenAlex

Attention landscape Event Data

This work has 6 recorded events globally (combined from the published article and preprint).

(See specific sources and examples in the Online Mentions section below).

Citation context scite

  • Total: 38
  • Supporting: 6
  • Mentioning: 30
  • Contradicting: 2

Scientific Stewardship Europe PMC / DataCite

Associated data repositories and clinical trials.

Data Repositories & Code

Who is citing this work? OpenAlex

Analysis of the 85 most recent citing works.
149.3% of these citations come from the Top 10 institutions below. The median citing paper has gone on to be cited 1.0 times itself.

Global Reach (Top Countries)

United States (33) Germany (30) United Kingdom (22) Austria (18) Spain (18) Italy (16) Croatia (13) Sweden (10) Czechia (10) Hungary (10) France (7) Slovenia (7)

Institutional Sectors

Education (61) Facility (52) Government (22) Archive (19) Nonprofit (19)

Top Citing Institutions

  • Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology ROR (20)
  • University of Vienna ROR (15)
  • Eötvös Loránd University ROR (10)
  • Harvard University ROR (9)
  • Institute for Anthropological Research ROR (9)
  • Uppsala University ROR (8)
  • ELTE Research Centre for the Humanities ROR (8)
  • Institut de Biologia Evolutiva ROR (7)
  • Broad Institute ROR (7)
  • University of Primorska ROR (7)

Most Frequent Citers

  • Ron Pinhasi ORCID (10)
  • Mario Novak ORCID (9)
  • Harald Ringbauer ORCID (9)
  • Olivia Cheronet ORCID (7)
  • David Reich ORCID (7)
  • Johannes Krause ORCID (7)
  • Anna Szécsényi‐Nagy ORCID (7)
  • Luca Traverso ORCID (6)
  • Balázs Gusztáv Mende ORCID (6)
  • Nadin Rohland ORCID (5)
  • Citing work types: article (44) preprint (22) book-chapter (1)
  • Top citing venues: bioRxiv (21) Genome biology (6) Cell (3) Nature Communications (3) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (3)
  • Top citing concepts: Population (16) Geography (15) Biology (13) Ancient DNA (10) Evolutionary biology (8) Computational biology (4) History (4) Ancient history (4)
  • Citation timeline:

Open Peer Review Crossref

Public referee reports and author responses.

Peer Review eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd
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Peer Review eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd
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Peer Review eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd
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Online mentions & activity Crossref & Open Web

Community Engagement & Discourse

Wikipedia (en)
Eurasian backflow

Work cited as a foundational reference in this encyclopedic entry.

Wikipedia (en)
Goths

Work cited as a foundational reference in this encyclopedic entry.

Wikipedia (en)
Genetic history of North Africa

Work cited as a foundational reference in this encyclopedic entry.

Displaying the 3 most detailed mentions. Other aggregated events lack public URLs.

Teaching, Practice & Library Adoption

Evidence of structured teaching use, reading lists, and library availability.

OpenCourseWare Mentions Google Custom Search

  • "...This introduction to the history of art and visual culture provides a broad overview of the major developments in western art between c.1100 and the present ......"
  • "...To go to the trouble and expense of transporting it from northern Europe ... large population of relatively affluent city-dwellers. In other countries ......"
  • "...Wales has had an impressive record in stocking Westminster front-benches, in terms of seats and personalities: as leaders of the Labour party, Keir Hardie, ......"
  • "...High figures can suggest higher income from investments, but a high yield ... Although they have since been reclassified as 'structured products', they ......"
  • "...Fish from mountain rivers and birds from a high altitude were also 'thinning' in this medical sense, because they were thought to be 'drier' than those ......"

Library & Community Access Open Library

Contributors & affiliations OpenAlex

97 authors · 36 institutions

Authors

  • Margaret L. Antonio First ORCID
  • Clemens L. Weiß ORCID
  • Ziyue Gao ORCID
  • Susanna Sawyer ORCID
  • Victoria Oberreiter ORCID
  • Hannah M. Moots ORCID
  • Jeffrey P. Spence ORCID
  • Olivia Cheronet ORCID
  • Brina Zagorc ORCID
  • Elisa Praxmarer
  • Kadir Toykan Özdoğan ORCID
  • Lea Demetz
  • Pere Gelabert ORCID
  • Daniel Fernandes ORCID
  • Michaela Lucci ORCID
  • Timka Alihodžić
  • Selma Amrani ORCID
  • Pavel Avetisyan ORCID
  • Christèle Baillif-Ducros ORCID
  • Željka Bedić ORCID
  • Audrey Bertrand ORCID
  • Maja Bilić
  • Luca Bondioli
  • Paulina Borówka ORCID
  • Emmanuel Botte ORCID
  • Josip Burmaz
  • Domagoj Bužanić ORCID
  • Francesca Candilio ORCID
  • Mirna Cvetko ORCID
  • Daniela De Angelis
  • Ivan Drnić
  • Kristián Elschek ORCID
  • Mounir Fantar
  • Andrej Gaspari
  • Gabriella Gasperetti
  • Francesco Genchi
  • Snežana Golubović ORCID
  • Zuzana Hukeľová ORCID
  • Rimantas Jankauskas ORCID
  • Kristina Jelinčić Vučković ORCID
  • Gordana Jeremić ORCID
  • Iva Kaić ORCID
  • Kevin Kazek
  • Hamazasp Khachatryan ORCID
  • Anahit Yu. Khudaverdyan
  • Sylvia Kirchengast ORCID
  • Miomir Korać
  • Valérie Kozlowski
  • Maria Krošláková ORCID
  • Dora Kušan Špalj ORCID
  • Francesco La Pastina
  • Marie Laguardia ORCID
  • Sandra Legrand
  • Tino Leleković ORCID
  • Tamara Leskovar ORCID
  • Wiesław Lorkiewicz ORCID
  • Dženi Los
  • Ana María Silva ORCID
  • René Masaryk
  • Vinka Matijević
  • Yahia Mehdi Seddik Cherifi ORCID
  • Nicolás Meyer ORCID
  • Ilija Mikić ORCID
  • Nataša Miladinović-Radmilović ORCID
  • Branka Milošević Zakić
  • Lina Nacouzi
  • Magdalena Natuniewicz-Sekuła ORCID
  • Alessia Nava ORCID
  • Christine Neugebauer-Maresch ORCID
  • Jan Nováček ORCID
  • Anna J. Osterholtz ORCID
  • Julianne Paige
  • Lujana Paraman ORCID
  • Dominique Piéri
  • Karol Pieta ORCID
  • Stefan Pop-Lazić ORCID
  • Matej Ruttkay ORCID
  • Mirjana Sanader ORCID
  • Arkadiusz Sołtysiak ORCID
  • Alessandra Sperduti ORCID
  • Tijana Stankovic Pesterac
  • Maria Teschler‐Nicola ORCID
  • Iwona Teul
  • Domagoj Tončinić ORCID
  • Julien Trapp
  • Dragana Vulović ORCID
  • Tomasz Waliszewski ORCID
  • Diethard Walter
  • Miloš Živanović
  • Mohamed el Mostefa Filah
  • Morana Čaušević-Bully ORCID
  • Mario Šlaus ORCID
  • Dušan Borić ORCID
  • Mario Novak ORCID
  • Alfredo Coppa ORCID
  • Ron Pinhasi Corresponding ORCID
  • Jonathan K. Pritchard ORCID

Institutions

Concepts & topics OpenAlex

19 specific concepts identified.
Biological dispersal Population Demographic history Geography Prehistory Ancient DNA Period (music) Human migration Economic geography Panmixia Genetic structure Demography Evolutionary biology Biology Archaeology Genetic variation Physics Acoustics Sociology

UN Sustainable Development Goals OpenAlex

1 targets detected.
Decent work and economic growth (0.61)

Research Funding Europe PMC / OpenAlex

7 financial grants and sponsors detected.
Austrian Science Fund FWF (M 3108) National Institutes of Health (HG011432) National Science Foundation (Graduate Research Fellowship) NIH HHS (HG011432) NHGRI NIH HHS (R01 HG011432) Austrian Science Fund FWF (M3108-G) Howard Hughes Medical Institute

Citations OpenAlex

Displaying 67 most recent citing works
YearTitleVenueDOI
2023 A genetic history of the Balkans from Roman frontier to Slavic migrations Cell 10.1016/j.cell.2023.10.018
2025 High-resolution genomic history of early medieval Europe Nature 10.1038/s41586-024-08275-2
2024 Evidence for dynastic succession among early Celtic elites in Central Europe Nature Human Behaviour 10.1038/s41562-024-01888-7
2025 The genomic history of Iberian horses since the last Ice Age Nature Communications 10.1038/s41467-025-62266-z
2024 The role of emerging elites in the formation and development of communities after the fall of the Roman Empire Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.2317868121
2025 Ancient genomes reveal trans-Eurasian connections between the European Huns and the Xiongnu Empire Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.2418485122
2024 Human Y chromosome haplogroup L1-M22 traces Neolithic expansion in West Asia and supports the Elamite and Dravidian connection iScience 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110016
2024 Human genetic structure in Northwest France provides new insights into West European historical demography Nature Communications 10.1038/s41467-024-51087-1
2024 Ancient genomes reveal Avar-Hungarian transformations in the 9th-10th centuries CE Carpathian Basin Science Advances 10.1126/sciadv.adq5864
2025 Population history and admixture of the Fulani people from the Sahel The American Journal of Human Genetics 10.1016/j.ajhg.2024.12.015
2025 Ancient DNA connects large-scale migration with the spread of Slavs Nature 10.1038/s41586-025-09437-6
2025 Medieval genomes from eastern Iberia illuminate the role of Morisco mass deportations in dismantling a long-standing genetic bridge with North Africa Genome biology 10.1186/s13059-025-03570-1
2025 The genetic history of Portugal over the past 5,000 years Genome biology 10.1186/s13059-025-03707-2
2025 Urbanization and genetic homogenization in the medieval Low Countries revealed through a ten-century paleogenomic study of the city of Sint-Truiden Genome biology 10.1186/s13059-025-03580-z
2025 Museum Genomics Reveals Temporal Genetic Stasis and Global Genetic Diversity in Arabidopsis thaliana Molecular Ecology 10.1111/mec.70081
2025 Inference of human pigmentation from ancient DNA by genotype likelihoods Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.2502158122
2025 Most males in modern Poland carry Y-chromosomal lineages from clades that have recently expanded over Central, Eastern and South-Eastern Europe Human Genetics 10.1007/s00439-025-02781-7
2024 An explanation for the sister repulsion phenomenon in Patterson's f -statistics Genetics 10.1093/genetics/iyae144
2025 Patterns of genetic admixture reveal similar rates of borrowing across diverse scenarios of language contact Science Advances 10.1126/sciadv.adv7521
2026 Analysis of medieval burials from Ibiza reveals genetic and pathogenic diversity during the Islamic period Nature Communications 10.1038/s41467-026-70615-9
2024 Geographic origin, ancestry, and death circumstances at the Cornaux/Les Sauges Iron Age bridge, Switzerland Scientific Reports 10.1038/s41598-024-62524-y
2024 Improved detection of methylation in ancient DNA Genome biology 10.1186/s13059-024-03405-5
2024 Unveiling Bishop Teodomiro of Iria Flavia? An attempt to identify the discoverer of St James's tomb through osteological and biomolecular analyses (Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain) Antiquity 10.15184/aqy.2024.91
2024 Echoes from the past: Bioarchaeological insights into the burial grounds of Portus Romae Journal of Archaeological Science Reports 10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104931
2025 Ancient genomes provide evidence of demographic shift to Slavic-associated groups in Moravia Genome biology 10.1186/s13059-025-03700-9
2024 Bioarchaeological Perspectives on Late Antiquity in Dalmatia: Paleogenetic, Dietary, and Population Studies of the Hvar—Radošević burial site Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences 10.1007/s12520-024-02050-0
2025 Death and burial of a set of fraternal twins from Tragurium: An osteobiographical approach Journal of Archaeological Science Reports 10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105071
2025 The process of nucleation amongst the early cities of central Italy in the first millennium BC Frontiers in Human Dynamics 10.3389/fhumd.2025.1569997
2025 The genetic history of the Southern Caucasus from the Bronze Age to the Early Middle Ages: 5,000 years of genetic continuity despite high mobility Cell 10.1016/j.cell.2025.07.013
2025 Long shared haplotypes identify the southern Urals as a primary source for the 10th-century Hungarians Cell 10.1016/j.cell.2025.09.002
2025 Effects of ancestry, agriculture, and lactase persistence on the stature of prehistoric Europeans Current Biology 10.1016/j.cub.2025.10.054
2024 Y Chromosome Story—Ancient Genetic Data as a Supplementary Tool for the Analysis of Modern Croatian Genetic Pool Genes 10.3390/genes15060748
2024 Pervasive findings of directional selection realize the promise of ancient DNA to elucidate human adaptation bioRxiv 10.1101/2024.09.14.613021
2023 Performance of qpAdm -based screens for genetic admixture on admixture-graph-shaped histories and stepping-stone landscapes bioRxiv 10.1101/2023.04.25.538339
2024 High-resolution genomic ancestry reveals mobility in early medieval Europe bioRxiv 10.1101/2024.03.15.585102
2025 Patterns of population structure and genetic variation within the Saudi Arabian population bioRxiv 10.1101/2025.01.10.632500
2024 An explanation for the sister repulsion phenomenon in Patterson’s f-statistics bioRxiv 10.1101/2024.02.17.580509
2024 The Genomic portrait of the Picene culture: new insights into the Italic Iron Age and the legacy of the Roman expansion in Central Italy bioRxiv 10.1101/2024.03.18.585512
2024 The Genetic History of the South Caucasus from the Bronze to the Early Middle Ages: 5000 years of genetic continuity despite high mobility bioRxiv 10.1101/2024.06.11.597880
2024 Long shared haplotypes identify the Southern Urals as a primary source for the 10th century Hungarians bioRxiv 10.1101/2024.07.21.599526
2024 Medieval genomes from eastern Iberia illuminate the role of Morisco mass deportations in dismantling a long-standing genetic bridge with North Africa bioRxiv 10.1101/2024.10.09.617385
2025 High resolution analysis of population structure using rare variants bioRxiv 10.1101/2025.07.18.665597
2025 Effects of ancestry, agriculture, and lactase persistence on the stature of prehistoric Europeans bioRxiv 10.1101/2025.07.11.664181
2025 Unveiling the complexity of post-Roman polity formation using ancient DNA bioRxiv 10.1101/2025.08.18.670760
2024 Bioarchaeological Perspectives on Late Antiquity in Dalmatia: Paleogenetic, Dietary, and Population Studies of the Hvar - Radošević burial site bioRxiv 10.1101/2024.05.14.594056
2024 Ancient genomes reveal Avar-Hungarian transformations in the 9th-10th centuries CE Carpathian Basin bioRxiv 10.1101/2024.05.29.596386
2024 Population History and Admixture of the Fulani People from the Sahel bioRxiv 10.1101/2024.06.22.600206
2024 The arrival of the Near Eastern ancestry in Central Italy predates the onset of the Roman Empire bioRxiv 10.1101/2024.10.07.617003
2024 Global patterns of genetic admixture reveal effects of language contact bioRxiv 10.1101/2024.12.19.629340
2025 Ancient DNA reveals diverse community organizations in the 5th millennium BCE Carpathian Basin bioRxiv 10.1101/2025.01.02.631136
2025 The cranium from the Octagon in Ephesos Scientific Reports 10.1038/s41598-024-83870-x
2025 Museum genomics reveals temporal genetic stasis and global genetic diversity in Arabidopsis thaliana bioRxiv 10.1101/2025.02.06.636844
2025 Frequencies of enamel hypomineralisation in permanent and primary molars in a medieval and early-modern-age population (7th − 17th c.) in Sains-en-Gohelle (Pas de Calais, France) Scientific Reports 10.1038/s41598-025-87589-1
2025 Historic Genomes Uncover Demographic Shifts and Kinship Structures in Post-Roman Central Europe bioRxiv 10.1101/2025.03.01.640862
2025 Perspectives of Population Genetics in the Genetic Improvement and Biodiversity Conservation of Fish Species Genetics. 10.5772/intechopen.1009878
2025 Genetic structure and demographic history of house mice in western Europe inferred using whole-genome sequences Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences 10.1098/rspb.2024.2709
2025 A New Perspective on the Arrival of the Eastern Mediterranean Genetic Influx in Central Italy Before the Onset of the Roman Empire Genome Biology and Evolution 10.1093/gbe/evaf149
2024 Testes de ancestralidade genética: saiba o que realmente significam seus resultados Unknown 10.64628/ade.tkq9qfykp
2024 DNA says you’re related to a Viking, a medieval German Jew or a 1700s enslaved African? What a genetic match really means Unknown 10.64628/aai.7mny6aqkt
2025 Palaeoproteomic and genetic insights into millennial-scale dairy consumption in Armenia bioRxiv 10.1101/2025.08.26.672348
2025 Testing the Late Pleistocene Arctic Origins of East Asian Psychology using Ancient and Modern DNA Research Square 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7696395/v1
2025 Multidisciplinary study of human remains from the 3rd century mass grave in the Roman city of Mursa, Croatia PLoS ONE 10.1371/journal.pone.0333440
2025 Testing the Late Pleistocene Arctic Origins of East Asian Psychology using Ancient and Modern DNA Adaptive Human Behavior and Physiology 10.1007/s40750-025-00271-8
2025 CTLA4 genetic variants influence immune regulation and susceptibility of HPV associated cervical cancer Discover Oncology 10.1007/s12672-025-04179-3
2026 Global patterns of natural selection inferred using ancient DNA bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) 10.64898/2026.01.07.697984
2026 Cosmopolitanism in the depths of Barbaricum evidenced by archaeogenomic data from the Late Iron Age Goth community of the Masłomęcz group Genome biology 10.1186/s13059-026-03969-4
2026 Uniparental analysis of Deep Maniot Greeks reveals genetic continuity from the pre-Medieval era Communications Biology 10.1038/s42003-026-09597-9